Neural and synaptic transmission free essay sample

Neural Synaptic Transmission The nervous system is made up of neurons and Gila cells. Neurons are the basic communication links in the nervous system. Gila cell provide support for neurons and contribute to communication. Neurons normally transmit a neural impulse (an electric current) along an axon to a synapse with another neuron. The neural impulse is a brief change in neurons electrical charge that moves along an axon, It Is an all-or-none event. Action potential triggers the release of chemicals called neurotransmitters that diffuse across the synapse to communicate with other reruns. Transmitters bind with receptors in the posthypnotic cell membrane, causing excitatory or Inhibitory Asps. Most neurons are linked In neural pathway, circuits, and networks. In the nervous system, the neural impulse functions as a signal. For that signal to have any meaning for the system as a whole, it must be transmitted from the neuron to other cell. We will write a custom essay sample on Neural and synaptic transmission or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As noted above, this transmission takes place at special junction called Synapses, which depend on chemical messengers. To explain in another way neural impulses are electro chemical events. When Neurons stimulated beyond threshold level, there Is a rapid shift in Its polarity from negative to positive charge. This reversal of charge, called an action potential or neural impulse, is generated along the length of the axon to the terminal buttons. When neural Impulse reaches the terminal button, It triggers the release of neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers that carry the message across the synapse to neighboring neurons. Neurotransmitters can have either excitatory or Inhibitory effect to the neurons at which they dock. Example: The educational ND childcare reformers who have used brain science as the base for their campaigns have primarily cited to key findings: the discovery of critical period in neural development and the demonstration that rats raised In enriched environments have more synapses than rates raised in impoverished environments. A critical period is a limited time span in the development of an organism when It Is optimal for certain capacities to emerge because the organism Is especially responsive to certain experiences. Classical conditioning Classical conditioning explains how neutral stimulus can acquire the capacity to licit response originally evoked by another stimulus. This kind of conditioning was originally described by Ivan Pavlov. Many kind of everyday responses are regulated through classical conditioning, including phobias, fears, and pleasant emotional responses. Even psychological responses such as immune and sexual functioning and drug tolerance can be Influenced by classical conditioning. Conditioned response may be weakened and extinguished entirely when the CSS is no longer paired with the US. In some case, spontaneous recovery occurs, and an extinguished response reappears after a period of non-exposure to CSS. Conditioning may generalized to additional stimuli that are similar to the original CSS. The opposite of generalization is discrimination, which involve not responding to function as if it were US, to establish new conditioning. Example: The art of manipulating peoples association has been perfected by the advertising industry. Advertisers consistently endeavor to pair the product they are pending with stimuli that seem likely to elicit positive emotional response. Like advertisers, candidates running for election need to influence the attitude of many people quickly, subtly, ND effectively- and they depend on evaluation conditioning to help them do so. For example , politician show-up at an endless variety of pleasant public events( such as opening of a new mall) that often have nothing to do with their public service. Stress Stress is common every day event, even seemingly minor stresses or hassles can be problematic. To a large degree, stress lies in the eye of the beholder, as appraisals of stress are highly subjective. Major type of stress includes frustration, conflict, change, and pressure. Frustration occurs when an obstacle prevent one from attaining some goal. The three principal type of conflict are approach-approach, avoidance-avoidance, and approach-avoidance. A large number of studies with the SIRS suggest that change is stressful. Although this may be true, it is now clear that the SIRS is a measure of general stress rather than Just change related stress. Two kind of pressure ( to perform and conform) also appears to be stressful. Emotional reaction to stress typically include anger, fear, and sadness, although positive emotions may also occur may promote resilience. Emotional arousal may interfere with coping. The optimal level of arousal on a task depends on the implicitly of the task. The psychological arousal in response to stress was originally called the fight-or-flight response by Cannon. The fight-or-flight response may be less applicable to women than men. Sellers general adaptation syndrome describes three stages in physiological reaction to stress: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. There are two major pathways along which the brain send signal to the endocrine system in response to stress. Action along these pathless two set of honeymoons, catecholamine and corticosteroids, into the bloodstream. Stress may support the process of neurosurgeons. Some coping responses are less than optimal. They include giving up, blaming oneself, and striking out at others with act of aggression. Indulging oneself is another coping pattern that tends to be of limited value. Defense mechanism protect against emotional distress through self-deception. Small positive illusion about oneself may sometimes be adaptive. Pigged According to Piglets theory of cognitive development, the key advance during seniority period is the childs gradual recognition of the permanence of objects. The operational period is marked by certain deficiencies in thinking- notably, interdisciplinary scholar whose own cognitive development was exceptionally rapid. In his early ass, after he had earned a doctorate in natural science and published a novel, Pigged turned his focus on psychology. He soon found himself administering intelligent test to children to develop better test norms. In doing this testing, Pigged became intrigued the reasoning underlying the childrens wrong answers. He decided that measuring children intelligent was less interesting than studying how children use their intelligence. He spent the rest of his life studying cognitive development. Many of his ideas were based on insights gleaned from jarful observation of his own three children during their infancy. Like Erosions theory, Pigged model is a stage theory of development. Pigged proposed that the youngsters progress through four major stages of cognitive development, which are characterized by fundamentally different thought process: (1) Seniority period (birth to age 2), (2) the operational period (age 2 to 7), (3) the concrete operational period (age 7 to 10), and (4) the formal operational period (age 11 onwards). Example; fathers are essential for healthy development. Over the last 40 years proportion of children growing up without a father in home has more than doubled. During the same time, we have seen dramatic increase in teenager pregnancy, juvenile delinquency, violent crime, drug abuse, eating disorder, teen suicide and family dysfunction. Erikson Erikson theory of personality development propose that individual evolve through eight stages over the life span. In each stage the person wrestles with changes (crises) in social relationship. According to Erikson Personality is shaped by how individual deal with these psychological crises. Each crisis involves a trudge between two opposing tendencies, such as trust versus mistrust or initiative vests guilt, both of which are experienced by the person. Erikson describes the stages interns of these antagonistic tendencies, which represent personality theaters people display in varying degrees over the reminder of their lives. Although the names for Erosions stage suggest either-or-outcomes, he viewed each stage as a tug of war that determine the subsequent balance between opposing polarities in personalities. The eight stages In Erikson theory are: stage 1- Trust versus mistrust ( is my word predictable and supportive? First year of life), stage 2- Autonomy versus sham and doubt (Can I do thing myself or must I always rely on others? Second and third years), stage 3-eliminative versus guilt (Am I good or am I bad? , fourth through six years), stage 4- Industry versus inferiority ( Am I competent or am worthless? Age six through puberty), stage 5-Latinity versus confusion (Who am I and where am I going? , adolescent), stage 6- Intimacy versus isolation (Shall I share my life with another or live alone? , early adulthood), stage 7-Gen eratively versus self-absorption (will I produce something of real value? , middle adulthood), stage 8- integrity versus despair (have I lived a full life? Late adulthood) Frauds psychoanalytic theory emphasis the importance of the unconscious. Freud described personality structure in terms of three components- the d, ego-and superego- which are routinely involved in ongoing series of internal conflict. Freud theorized that conflict centering on sex and aggression are specially likely to lead to anxiety. According to Freud, anxiety and other unpleasant emotions such as guilt are often warded off with defense mechanisms. Freud described a series of five stages of development: Oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital. Certain experiences during these stages can have lasting effect on adult personality. Lungs most innovative and controversial concept was the collective unconscious. Idlers individual psychology emphasis how people strive for superiority to compensate for their feeling of inferiority. Overall, Psychodrama theories have produced many ground breaking insights about the unconscious, the role of internal conflict and the importance of early childhood experiences in personality development. However, psychodrama theories have been criticized for their poor testability, inadequate base of empirical evidence, and their male centered view.

Free Essays on Midsummer Nights Dream

M.S.N.D essay Is the last scene necessary? In A Midsummer Night’s Dream there are 5 acts, even though it is not really necessary to have the last act due to the fact that a good amount of the action ends at the final scene of act 4. You may argue that it is not necessary, but in act 5 it is when the so-called, â€Å"Great actors†, take the stage and present their hard work in the play Thisbe & Pyramus to the king. Throughout the play, the play crew practiced and practiced for the big great play. Even though the play was mostly about the love triangle that was going on between Hermia, Helena, Demetrius, and Lysander, it would have only been fair to the actors to present their play to the king. So in a way the last act was necessary. Almost one-half of the play, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, was the play, Thisbe & Pyramus. Nick Bottom and Peter Quince were the leaders of the play and throughout the play Nick Bottom was made fun of, and that added to the comedic element of the play. Next, Shakespeare writes a play within a play once again. He also did that in Taming of the Shrew. The way he added the play within a play was by adding the Thisbe therefore it is not used as often anymore. But Shakespeare has such incredible talent, that he is able to incorporate it and still make sense of the play. To conclude this informational essay, the last act, which would be act 5, is necessary because it shows how the actors performed their play Thisbe & Pyramus. Without it, the play would not be as humorous, for the reason that Shakespeare mocks Nick Bottom and that adds humor to the comedy. Finally, Shakespeare wrote a play within a play which is incredible and genius.... Free Essays on Midsummer Nights Dream Free Essays on Midsummer Nights Dream M.S.N.D essay Is the last scene necessary? In A Midsummer Night’s Dream there are 5 acts, even though it is not really necessary to have the last act due to the fact that a good amount of the action ends at the final scene of act 4. You may argue that it is not necessary, but in act 5 it is when the so-called, â€Å"Great actors†, take the stage and present their hard work in the play Thisbe & Pyramus to the king. Throughout the play, the play crew practiced and practiced for the big great play. Even though the play was mostly about the love triangle that was going on between Hermia, Helena, Demetrius, and Lysander, it would have only been fair to the actors to present their play to the king. So in a way the last act was necessary. Almost one-half of the play, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, was the play, Thisbe & Pyramus. Nick Bottom and Peter Quince were the leaders of the play and throughout the play Nick Bottom was made fun of, and that added to the comedic element of the play. Next, Shakespeare writes a play within a play once again. He also did that in Taming of the Shrew. The way he added the play within a play was by adding the Thisbe therefore it is not used as often anymore. But Shakespeare has such incredible talent, that he is able to incorporate it and still make sense of the play. To conclude this informational essay, the last act, which would be act 5, is necessary because it shows how the actors performed their play Thisbe & Pyramus. Without it, the play would not be as humorous, for the reason that Shakespeare mocks Nick Bottom and that adds humor to the comedy. Finally, Shakespeare wrote a play within a play which is incredible and genius....

Modern Art Periods Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Modern Art Periods - Assignment Example The paper "Modern Art Periods" investigates modern art and periods of it. Here will be discovered such movements as cubism, impressionism, and post-impressionism. The Stagecoach at Louveciennes is a painting which represents the impressionism. In essence, Impressionism transcended boundaries and traditions that had characterized art and pioneered the emergence of new and radical forms of art. The tendency by the impressionist artists to paint outdoors was also considered radical since most artists were used to painting indoors and then allowed the painting to dry gradually. However, impressionist artists preferred painting indoors. In addition, impressionism art avoided the use of symmetry in looking at most of the paintings of the landscapes one realizes that they preferred asymmetry but still managed to maintain balance. Figure 2 adapted from Impressionist Paintings shows an example of an impressionist’s depiction of a spring landscape. Impressionism redefined art through th e use of light and visual effects and the tendency to paint outdoors and a significant number of impressionism paintings depict landscapes. In depicting landscapes the impressionism artists employed asymmetry about an object like a tree. The utilization of space was done uniformly demonstrating a tendency to create balance. Figure 3 adapted from Impressionism Paintings, shows how the garden has been visually harmonized by the trees in the background. Manet’s painting style was always considered to be controversial. ... Perhaps one single impressionist artist that share many similarities with Manet is Edgar Degas. Both artists hailed from wealthy families and their paintings were often done luxuriously in places like racecourses. In fact when the two met Edgar influenced Manet to adopt a more impressionist approach in art. The artists share some similarities and difference in their style of painting. Figure 4: Daughter of Jephtha by Edgar Degas In figure 4 adopted from Blacksheep, one realizes that Degas occasionally painted from a historical perspective demonstrated by the Bibilical depiction in the painting. Degas also preferred the use of deep and dull colors. His paintings also brought about an important aspect of impressionism; depiction of movement. On the other hand as depicted in Figure 5 adopted from Blacksheep, Manet preferred the use of brigher and huge chunks of colors. Manet wlaso avoided historical paintings. Figure 5: The Absinthe Drinker Claude Monet contributed to suburban realism b y constantly providing a vivid depiction of the suburban places he had visited and the feelings the paintings had elicited within him. Monet’s depiction of the suburban areas was characterized by paintings indicating the simple pleasures of suburban areas where nature met with the emerging civilization. Figure 6 adapted from Claude Monet's Paintings, shows one of his paintings depicting pleasure boats at Argentueil. Monet uses light to depict the emerging civilization and its pleasures and dull colors to depict the tranquility of nature. In essence, the juxtaposition of nature and civilization as depicted by Monet provide new avenues of adventure by artists. Figure 6: Pleasure Boats at Argentueil

Non-linear Pro vs Quick Takes Video - Nature of Agency Essay

Non-linear Pro vs Quick Takes Video - Nature of Agency - Essay Example Hence, the principal would be vicariously liable for the acts of the agent and would be responsible for all the negotiations and contracts that the agent has signed on his behalf (Herbert, 2010). The agency relationship would be having both commercial and legal effects. For example, an owner of the business would rely on various agents to do the ordinary day-to-day work of the business, whereas since a company is an artificial person, it would be represented through the act of the agents (including management and employers) that make decisions and take responsibilities on behalf of the company. Usually a contract or an agreement may be present between the agent and principal who may be in an oral or written format, and giving agency in an expressive or implied manner. Implied agency refers to acting out of necessity or the situation would dictate that an appropriate person make a decision on behalf of the principal. In a corporation, the senior executives and the management board hav e the implied authority and the apparent authority to make decisions on any matter on behalf of the principal/company (London International University, 2007). ... An agreement for agency may also be mentioned in the employment contract, be a separate agreement of agency, be mentioned in the contract with the third party, etc. Secondly, there is a relationship bringing third parties in contract with the principal, for certain works (Herbert, 2010). For an agent to act on behalf of the principal, he/she should have some authority to do so. If the agent was not acting out of his power and not out of necessity, the agent and not the principal would be held liable. The authority provided to the agent is of 3 types and are recognized by law. These include actual authority, apparent authority and ratified authority. Actual authority involves actual provision of authority to the agent to represent the principal in certain matter and make decisions. The authority provided here may be expressed or implied. If an agent has acted beyond the actual authority, it can be considered as a breach of contract. When an agent is acting within the scope of his empl oyment with the principal, then the claimant can claim from the employer. Ratification is a process in which an agent who had been acting on behalf of others in the past and would have performed certain non-authorized acts, but the same is being approved now (Rao, 2009). Apparent authority or ostensible authority refers to the conduct or words of the principal which would require a person to take decisions on behalf of the principal and act on behalf of the principal with any third party. Here the third party is in a position to believe that the agent is acting on behalf of the principal, even if the issue with acting with this particular third party has never been discussed between the principal and the agency. The third parties have acted within reasonable grounds,

Search on the internet for a graph in your field of study that is Statistics Project

Search on the internet for a graph in your field of study that is misleading and discuss. Please also attach a link to the graph so that we can refer to the graph in your discussion - Statistics Project Example The third bar’s height is more than double that of the second bar, yet the value it represents is not. There is definitely an inconsistency presented in the illustration of the valuation of the company. Another part of the graph which is misleading is the way the horizontal axis is scaled. Although the bars are equally spaced, the dates that they represent have uneven intervals. The first bar represented the month of December, the second bar represented January but the next two bars represented two dates in March. One also noticed that the valuation for May 2011 was not included in the graph. Furthermore, the month of July showed three separate bars indicating valuations for three different days in the month. The author of the graph should be consistent as to the time interval that he wants to depict in his graph. Does he want it to be bi-monthly or monthly? Moreover, if he chooses to make the scale on a monthly basis, figures shown should be the same date of every month. He can consider using the first day or the last day of the month. The consistency of information presented is vital to prevent misleading the interpreters of the graph. This illustration confuses the readers becau se the trend that is shown is not reflective of the real picture of the company valuation since different time intervals are shown. PrivCo. (2011, August 24). Facebook valuation suffers first-ever consecutive drop. Retrieved April 11, 2012, from privco.com:

Popular Culture In Singapore

Popular Culture In Singapore Number the question: Question 3. With reference to at least two types of popular culture, discuss and evaluate the role and impact of popular culture in Singapore between the end of the Second World War and Singapores independence in 1965? Popular culture is defined as a cultural artifact or events by which large numbers of people are voluntarily attracted to through the dissemination of mass media. The study of popular culture helps us to understand the society that embraced it as it developed over time. Popular culture also tackles the everyday life and lived experiences that are often neglected. It is argued that popular culture plays a role in shaping the values and identity of a society when the general masses consumes and embraces it. In this paper, the author will look into the role and impact of popular culture in the form of Shaw Cinema films and the mass visiting of amusement parks between post war and independence of Singapore. Japan surrendered on 15 August 1945 and the British returned on the island on 5 September 1945. Britains failure in defending Singapore had undermined her credibility as a governor of the island. In addition, post-war Singapore was plagued with poverty, unemployment and economical uncertainty. These gave rise to political awakening and nationalist identity amongst the Singaporeans.  [1]  This period of uncertainty and anxiety shaped the identity and popular culture of post-war Singapore. Shortly after the return of the British to Singapore and Malaya, the Shaw cinemas started afresh and business began to boom. On the return of the British to Singapore and Malaya, we started afresh and business became prosperous because the public hungered for the opportunity to see British and American films. Theatres were crowded especially during the first few months with the main draw being war movies. With such overwhelming response, we had to plan for expansion.  [2]   Cinemas owned by the Shaw stretches from Sembawang to Balestier and prior to the Lido, Shaw had the Pavilion on Orchard Road. By 1965, the number of cinema halls owned by Shaw in Singapore totaled 19. The independent halls in Singapore which were contracted to play only Shaw distributed films numbered 30. With cinemas scattered throughout the island, the Shaws had the widest exhibition circuit in Singapore. Cinemas during the post war period were avenues where new modern technology and culture converge. In addition, cinema films also had a role in shaping political awareness and nationalist sensations just after the war amongst the community in Singapore and Malaya. These could be seen from the popular demand for war themed British and American films. On one hand, the reasons were partly due to Singaporeans losing confidence in them as an infallible ruler and on the other hand, the British government was also gradually preparing to grant self-governance to Singapore and Malaya. Secondly, the post war films by the Shaw Brothers played an important role in shaping the identity of the Chinese in Singapore. The film, The Song of Singapore, highlighted Nanyang Style and Nanyang atmosphere, the identity of being a Chinese national was still predominant in the movie. The term huaqiao denotes an overseas Chinese residing in a foreign country and will ultimately return to their homeland China.  [3]   By the mid 1950s, the Chinese films from Shaw studio in Hong Kong and Shaw Malay films began to gain popularity over the American Hollywood. The first Malay film of the Shaw Brothers, Singapore at Night (Singapura di Waktu Malam) was made after the war. The emphasis of post- war movies were local style, local flavor, and local character. At that time, the major selling points of the movies were that it conveyed a totally Nanyang style and a fully Nanyang atmosphere.  [4]   During the post-war period, films in cinemas not only had the role of evoking nationalism, the impact of the cinemas were so huge that they became the representations of mass entertainment consumption and voluntarily participation. Patronizing the cinemas had also become a new form of sensation and indulgence where patrons were eager to experience. As mentioned above, cinemas during the post-war periods were avenues where audiences could catch a glimpse of technological innovations. With increasing popularity and competition from other post-war exhibitors and other forms of mass entertainment, the Shaw cinemas imported the latest in cinematograph and theatre equipments, sound systems, furnishings, air-conditioning and chairs. Over the years, other than the improvements in colour and sound there were also other innovative methods for enhancing the cinema experience constantly being launched from Hollywood.  [5]  Although many of these special format films were shortlived, but they renewed excitement in cinema during the various periods they were launched. Cinemas were also avenues of cultural convergence where patronizing audiences could experience a new form of modern culture. One example was the dual purpose halls in which the Shaw cinemas not only screened movies; there were also held live shows and events. Some of these were meant for promoting films and others were purely for entertainment. Imported live shows and performance from Malaya and the region made its way into Shaw cinemas as early as 1951. Visiting magicians and illusionists never failed to draw crowds with their exciting performances which not only provide entertainment; it also drew a form of mysterious sensation amongst the audiences. Dances by visiting dance troupes from all over the world were also popular demands amongst patrons then.  [6]   By the 1950s, the advertising campaigns during the post war period became more sophisticated and creative. The impact of the film industry on the locals was so great that promotional and advertising materials sent from major studios abroad had to take on a local context. Furthermore, the Shaw Cinemas went on to involve public participation in order to achieve success in film promotion events. You must advertise, put up the posters, put it in the newpapers you must think what are the kind of people, what kind of advertisements to attract the people  [7]   Daily newspaper ads, cinema standees poster displays and movie trailers provided the mainstays of Shaw promotions. Posters were not only hung outside of the cinemas but also on poster boards along road junctions and overhead bridges. They were also hanged in other major locations such as shopping centres, supermarkets, fairgrounds, schools, coffeeshops and even the Singapore Turf Club. To further engage larger crowds, billboard trucks travelled all over the island to broadcast coming attractions and distribute handbills. Promotions for blockbusters were even more elaborated as it involved all forms of public transportations and even armoured trucks and airplanes. These vehicles were outfitted with advertising banners and billboards. Apart from mere screening of films and performances, Shaw cinemas went further to entice and involve their audiences and patrons in their business. For example, Movie theme marketing was another effective method at drawing attention. Within the cinema itself, the Shaw marketing team would organise theme screenings with audiences dressed up in movie themes. Another was the red head promotion at the Capitol in 1956 for the premiere of Slightly Scarlet. Girls who flaunted the loveliest red hair were given a spray of flowers and a voucher for free hairdo with a leading hairstylist. As a source of publicity, personal appearances by stars created maximum impact for their films wherever they went. Touring stars from Hollywood or Shaw Studios added glamour to movie premieres, cinema openings, festivals, charities as well as other events in Singapore and all over Malaysia. Autograph signing sessions never failed to draw crowds as well as interest from the press. These events and contests were considered new and exciting to Singaporeans during the post war periods. The Shaw cinemas at its peak during this period not only created a platform that united community from different ethnicity and languages; it further created a form of lifestyle and mass culture amongst the community that indulged in mass consumption of entertainment. The impact was far-reaching that it even introduced to the community the first time the idea of star chasing and the glamour to be a successful celebrity. Amusement parks operated by the Shaw Brothers during post-war Singapore were also familiar sights. Since 1930s, it had always been an unforgettable experience for populace of Singapore to visit these amusement parks.  [8]  These amusement parks resumed business shortly after the war; continued to offer variety and non-stop offerings which could not be found in traditional culture and entertainment venues. It was a crucible of new culture forms, as old contents transformed to meet changing popular taste, and new ones were introduced to suit the diverse crowds. Popular live stage shows featuring all forms of dances, game contests, magic shows, comedy shows, fashion parades as well as band performances before the screening of movies. Some stage shows featured local or visiting celebrities, but most of the time they were performed by amateurs or semi-professionals. Then there were the contests based on fads. In addition, depending on what was popular at the time, dance contests were held regularly. In 1956, with rock and roll sweeping the film world, a rock and roll contest was held at the Great World Caberet to promote Rock around the Clock. In 1957, the same venue was used for the cha cha cha contest to promote the film Cha Cha Cha Boom. In 1963, with twisting films increasingly popular, a twisting contest was held at Sky.  [9]   One of the highlights in the amusement parks was the bangsawan which was a travelling commercial theatre meant to generate profits. Although the main language used was Malay, the bangsawan as a cultural form was effectively multicultural.  [10]  Bangsawan was a popular culture that transcends all boundaries; ethnicity, linguistic and cultural. Not only was the profile of the audience cut across class distinction, it was also multi-ethnic and multi-cultural. In the amusement parks, there were also other forms of popular culture such as the Chinese Wayang, band performances, open air cinema, and Malay social dances. Consequently, this process of assimilating traditional performance groups, and especially travelling theatres in the amusement parks inevitably resulted in the transformation of different cultural forms.  [11]  When bangsawan was assimilated into the urban amusement parks, it featured an improbable variety of shows. To fill in time between acts, or before and after each play, there would be musical and dance interludes. Until mid 1960s, Singapore was largely socially stratified and each person was kept to exclusive clubs and clan associations. Amusement parks on the other hand were accessible to any social groups. The various cultural forms which were adapted allowed for different degrees of participation in the show, depending only on the amount of money one could spare. This loosening of boundaries of the urban amusement parks hence provided everyone a glimpse into the different cultures, practices, and leisure life of the diverse community living in Singapore.  [12]  Such opportunities during post war or prior independence were rare. The urban amusement parks were then a different world to the visitors where they could participate in leisure activities and cultural performances of the various communities, all at once, within a single community. Both Shaw Cinema and amusement parks played a major role in attracting multiethnic groups under one roof and consuming the diverse forms of entertainment, culture and technological advancements which never failed to evoke strong sensations and excitement amongst the patrons. The cinema films also played a role in evoking nationalism and shaping of the Nanyang identity during the post-war period. Perhaps, it could be argued that these avenues to a certain extent provided refuge from reality and the harshness of life during post-war Singapore. The impact of publicity and marketing was so far-reaching amongst the local community that the culture of star chasing then mirrored the image and glamour pop and movie stars enjoy in contemporary Singapore. Blibiography Barbara Leitch Lepoer, ed. Singapore: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1989. Sai-Shing Yung, Territorialization and the Entertainment Industry of the Shaw Brothers in Southeast Asia, China Forever: The Shaw Brothers and Diasporic Cinema, ed. Poshek Fu, pp. 133-153. Tan Sooi Beng, From Popular to Traditional Theater: The Dynamics of Change in Bangsawan of Malaysia, Ethnomusicology, vol.33, no.2, Spring-Summer 1989, pp.229-237 Wong Yunn Chii and Tan Kar Lin, Emergence of a cosmopolitan space for culture and consumption: the New World Amusement Park- Singapore(1923-70) in the inter-war years, Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, Volume 5, Number 2, 2004, pp. 279-304

Man Needs the Environment

The environment is the place wherein man lives; it is his dwelling place. Man and the environment has a significant connection which entails that man cannot be detached from it, because his awareness and knowledge about things are both gained from his experiences that take place within his surroundings. Consequently, man tries to settle himself in his environment, both social and physical approaches, in order live life effectively and productively. Man and the social environment. A quality that distinguishes man from other animals is his social nature.Man cannot be compared with other animals because he is placed above and dwells in a habitat where a social interaction is a prerequisite and basic function. â€Å"No man is an island; no man can stand alone. † – This saying implies that man is intrinsically a social being. He cannot detach himself from others and all other creatures in the world; he is intended to be a being-that-exists-with-others-in-the-world. Man has h is respective social roles: being-through-others, being-with-others, and being-for-others. These social roles would help an individual establish his social identity.Man is a being-through-others. From man’s conception and birth, he is dependent on other people. He cannot grow up, work, and live neither as efficiently nor effectively, except through others. His life and death will only have meaning when considered in reference to others like him. Also, man is considered as a being-with-others. Despite the efforts to live independently, man cannot and should not live in total isolation rather he should deal and mingle with the people around him. His togetherness towards other creatures characterizes human nature.And in dealing with other individuals, he builds up inter-human relationships. As a result of the social bonds from these relationships, man’s major social needs: attention, affection, and acceptance are being fulfilled. Moreover, with the inter-human relationshi ps he has and the exposure to his environment, his awareness is increased. He will become more conscious and observant of the events and people around him – issues, situations, problems, and conditions. The â€Å"hows† and â€Å"whys† of human actions and interactions will be learned resulting to growth of man’s knowledge.On the contrary, considering that a man who is gifted and is isolated from others since birth; man who doesn’t involve and have social relations ever since, impossibility of man’s survival arouses. In other words, man cannot be said to be a real man only with his biological birth but only when he forms social collective and lives in social relations, will he be able to exist and develop as a man. Man’s personality is moulded and developed within his social environment, through mingling with the people in his surroundings.Through interacting with others, man develops his potentials. Indeed, the social environment itse lf and one’s exposure to it is vital in one’s life which conveys that man needs it. Man and the physical environment. The physical environment is composed of the natural resources. And from these resources, one’s necessities as a living organism, which includes man, can be acquired. As a living organism, man is in need of water, air, and also of the presence of other living creatures. Man needs air. It is in every living organism’s nature to breathe.Breathing is vital in one’s life. It commonly serves as the basis that an individual has life and is alive. Man needs air to breathe in order to survive. The absence of air in man’s life would suggest and imply that man would eventually die. Also, man needs water. Water is one of the major needs for the survival of every living organism. Water plays an important role in man’s life, and it is involved in man’s daily living. It is used for drinking, for cooking, for hygienic purposes, for tidying things and also for watering the plants.In addition, man needs the presence of other living creatures. The existence of every living organism has an important role in the environment which brings a large impact to the other living creatures in the world. Scientifically speaking, living creatures are said to have and participate in the so called as the Food Web and Food Chain. In these particular concepts, the presence of producers and consumers are considered; plants as producers and animals, which include man, are consumers. With such, man’s survival is dependent on the existence of other living creatures in the environment.And it can be justified through man’s reliance to the gas, oxygen, which can be acquired from the plants, and to man’s practice of considering plants and others animals as his source of food. The presence of every living organism helps maintain the balance of the ecosystem. From the physical environment, man acquires his basic n ecessities. Indeed, man needs the physical environment for his survival. Man needs both the social environment and physical environment. From these environments, man obtains his needs. And from the satisfaction of his needs, man derives a sense of completeness and in the process, his survival is ensured.