Tuesday, March 10, 2020
Early History of Japan The Battle for the Surrendered Realm
Early History of Japan The Battle for the Surrendered Realm Identifications The battle of Sekigahara, also called ââ¬Å"The Battle for the Surrendered Realmâ⬠took place in the early 17th century. Sekigahara was the gate or passage between The East and West of Japan. It was believed that whoever had jurisdiction over this portion ran the whole of Japan.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Early History of Japan: The Battle for the Surrendered Realm specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The battle of Sekigahara is generally referred to as the last of the major conflicts of the Azuchiââ¬âMomoyama period. On 21st October 1600, it was decisive in clearing the path to the shogunate for Tokaguwa. It is after this battle that the Japanese people enjoyed a two hundred and fifty year period of peace (Bohner 283). The warring states period, also referred to as the Sengoku period in the history of Japan was a period of political intrigue, social upheaval and an almost constant military conflict which roughly lasted from the mid 15th century to the early 17th century. At the beginning of the 5th century, misery and suffering that had been caused by natural disasters, such as famines and earthquakes triggered armed rebellion by farmers who were weary of taxes and debts. This led to the Onin war that was rooted in the economic distress brought about by shogunal succession disputes. This is how the warring states period began. The eastern and western armies and their allies fought around Kyoto for 11 years then it later spread to the outlying provinces. This period eventually led to political power unification under the Tokugawa Shogunate. The floating world, also referred to as Ukiyo is a term that was used to describe the aspect of seeking for pleasure in the urban lifestyle in the Tokugawa or Edo-period Japan. This was between 1600 and 1867, the 250 years that Japan enjoyed relative peace. The culture of the floating world developed in the red light district of Ed o called Yoshiwara. In this location were many brothels, kabuki theaters and chashitsu tea houses, which were visited frequently by the growing middleclass population of Japan. This culture spread to other cities including Kyoto and Osaka (Lockard 543).Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Kabuki is a Japanese classical dance drama performed in Kabuki theatres. It is defined as the art of dancing and singing. It is characterized by a unique elaborate make up put on by its performers and drama stylization. It was created around 1600 by a shrine maiden called Okuni, from Izumo shrine. In the early days, it was comprised of dances performed by women, most of who were prostitutes off stage. This is the reason that women were banned by the government, as an effort to protect public morals. The Treaty of Kanagawa is the agreement that was signed on March 31st 1854 by Commodore Perry in Tok yo after a period of discussions between the United Statesââ¬â¢ president Millard Fillmore and Japanese officials. The terms of the treaty involved the protection the protection of American seamen by Japan. It also involved the opening of two ports, Shimoda and Hokodate for provisioning and fuelling of American ships. Japan also granted the United States permission to appoint its consuls, who could live in the port cities. The treaty of Kanagawa consequently led to Japan opening up to carry out trades with the United States of America and the West, after over two hundred years of closure. Tokugawa Japan The Tokugawa shoguns dominated the Edo period, which saw Japan enjoy two hundred and fifty years of peace. This was after the warring states period and Tokugawa Ieyasu was in power and had been granted the Shogun status. Ieyasu and his descendants adapted policies which ensured political and social order, as well as order in international relations. Most of the local territorial l ords (daimyos) were politically united during the Tokugawa period. This prompted the application of the peace and unification policy. In order to weaken the daimyosââ¬â¢ political force, they were forced to spend half of their duty time in Edo. This enabled the Tokugawa to keep a close watch over them, to understand both their plans and activities. The frequent up and down movement between Edo and the daimyoââ¬â¢s home territories was a Tokugawa strategy. It put an enormous financial strain on the daimyo, making them no match to the Tokugawa allies. It also distorted their focus on building a large military. To weaken them further, the daimyos were prohibited from building ships and castles. These reasons were instrumental for bringing and maintaining peace in Japan.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Early History of Japan: The Battle for the Surrendered Realm specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A strict seclusion policy in Tokugawa was enforced. This targeted the Christian missionaries, whom the Shogunate was against because he considered Christianity to be destabilizing and it made the new central leaders of Japan uneasy. They feared that increased loyalty to a foreign based church and religion could pose a threat to their leadership (Deal 13). Strict social reforms were also enforced by Tokugawa. This was done by the creating of a rigid caste system of peasants, samurais and merchants. Among these groups, the samurais were the only ones that were allowed to carry weapons. This was a caste that no one else would change. The Tokugawa Shogunate enforced a policy by the name Kaikin, which prohibited Japanââ¬â¢s contact with most of the other outside countries. His limited the influence and interference of the outside world to the Japanese culture and cultural beliefs (Laver 1). During Tokugawa, there was a significant development in Japan. There was the development of castle towns, thriving cities and an increase in commoditization in agriculture. Groundwork for modernization was laid through an increase in concomitant print culture and increase in literacy. Japan In Turmoil American Commodore Matthew Perry sailed his four ships up to the Tokyo bay harbor with the aim of seeking a re-establishment of regular trade with America. This was the fist time after more than two hundred years that Japan had prohibited trade between itself and the western world. Initially, Perry sailed to the Bonin and Ryukyus islands located southeast and southwest of the main islands of Japan. This step enabled him gain territory for the United States of America and seek help from the natives of these two islands. After the Ryukyus and Bonin islands, he sailed northwards to Edo bay. With him was a letter from the president of the United States addressed to the Japanese emperor. Addressing the letter to the emperor demonstrated the United Statesââ¬â¢ lack of knowledge on the government and society of Japan. During that time, the leadership of Japan was under the Tokugawa Shogunate, ad the emperorââ¬â¢s power was insignificant.Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to the US Department of State article titled The United States and the Opening to Japan, 1853, Perryââ¬â¢s arrival in the Japanese waters with a squadron of U.S navy ships was aimed at displaying Americaââ¬â¢s willingness to use its advanced firepower. This, they believed, was the only way they could convince the Japanese authorities to accept trade with the western nations. Perry also carried along wit him various gifts for the Emperor in Japan. The gifts included a telescope, a telegraph a working steam locomotive model and a variety of liquors from the west. These gifts were intended to show Japan the superiority of the western culture. Perryââ¬â¢s mission was to complete the agreement of the United States with the Government of Japan for the protection of stranded or shipwrecked Americans. In addition to this, one or more ports for supplies and refueling were to be opened. Perryââ¬â¢s display of audacity and the readiness of using force in the approach into Tokyoââ¬â¢s forbidden waters prompted the Japanese authorities to accept President Fillmoreââ¬â¢s letter. Perry retuned the following spring to receive Japanââ¬â¢s answer, with an even bigger squadron. The Japanese grudgingly accepted his demands and it is then that the Kanagwa treaty was signed. This treaty prompted the opening up of Japan to trade with the other western countries. Despite the reluctance displayed by Japan in opening its ports to the modern trade, the trade gave Japan an access to modern technological development. When it opened up to the world, Japan was able to modernize its military by obtaining more advanced equipment. This enabled it to rise into the strongest Asian power in the pacific. The forcing of Japan by America ad other western powers to indulge into modern commercial interactions worked alongside other internal factors to weaken Tokugawa Shogunateââ¬â¢s position to a point that led to the shogun falling out of power. Thus, the emperor gai ned control of the country in the 1868 Meiji restoration. This was followed by long term effects in the modernization and rule in Japan. Bohner, Hermann. ââ¬Å"The Battle of Sekigahara.â⬠libweb. Libweb. Web. Deal, William. Handbook to life in medieval and early modern Japan. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. Print. Laver, Michael. The Sakoku Edicts and the Politics of Tokugawa Hegemony. New York: Cambria Press, 2011. Print. Lockard, Craig. Lockards Societies, Networks, and Transitions since 1450: A Global History. Massachusetts: Cengage Learning, 2007. Print. U.S. Department of State. ââ¬Å"The United States and the Opening to Japan, 1853.â⬠U.S. Department of State. U.S. Department of State. Web.
Sunday, February 23, 2020
New Ideas and Techniques in Intervention with Children With Essay
New Ideas and Techniques in Intervention with Children With Communication Disorders in Early Language Development - Essay Example In other words the developing brain is best able to absorb any language, during the initial three years of their life. Some of the main reasons of speech and language disorders include hearing loss, neurological disorders, brain injury, mental retardation, drug abuse, physical impairments such as cleft lip or palate, and vocal abuse or misuse. However, in many cases the real cause is unknown (National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities, 2004). As the years pass by the ability to learn a language will be more difficult, and perhaps less efficient or effective, if these critical periods pass without early exposure to a language (National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, 2001). This research paper focuses mainly on the new ideas and techniques in intervention with children with communication disorders in early language development. Communication disorder is a common term that encompasses various problems in language, speech, and hearing. To be more specific, speech and language problems comprise expression or verbalization problems, voice disorders, fluency problems which include stuttering, aphasia which is generally caused because of brain injury, and hearing problems. Today there are several interventions designed particularly for each of the above mentioned problems and the best treatment is prevention and early intervention (Sanchez, 1991). There are also several other communication disorders that result from other conditions such as learning disabilities, cerebral palsy, mental retardation, or cleft lip or cleft palate. Therefore, it becomes very important to understand the need of each and every child before the treatment begins. Speech and language disorders in general can have an impact on the way a child talk, understand, analyze or process information. Speech disorders include the clarity, voice quality, and fluency of a child's spoken words. Language disorders include a child's ability to hold meaningful conversations, understand others, problem solve, read and comprehend, and express thoughts through spoken or written words (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2005). Early intervention for the treatment of apraxia is intended to teach effective communication strategies and improve volitional control of the oral musculature. During the course of the treatment exercises mainly focuses on teaching sound s equencing, programming sound patterns, and improving rhythm in speech. It is only with the advent of computed tomography (CT) scan and MRI several medical conditions can be detected easily including the ability to identify small subcortical lesions as causes of aphasia. Successful treatment of aphasia depends on the knowledge of a child's cognitive and linguistic strengths and weaknesses obtained from the formal testing batteries. While the traditional treatment strategies focused on syndrome-specific approaches, where treatment is based upon the diagnosed aphasia syndrome, recent strategies promote getting a message across by any means, through language, gestures, drawing, or any other expressive method (Melfi, 2006). A child with speech or language delays may exhibit a number of characteristics including the inability to follow directions, slow and incomprehensible speech, and
Friday, February 7, 2020
The Impact of the US Economy on the Events Industry Research Paper - 1
The Impact of the US Economy on the Events Industry - Research Paper Example To the customer or guest, as special event is an opportunity for a leisure, social or cultural experience outside the The definition was corroborated by Getz who traced the evolution of the events planning and management as a profession and disclosed that ââ¬Å"events are an important motivator of tourism, and figure prominently in the development and marketing plans of most destinationsâ⬠(Getz 403).With more organizations pursuing endeavors that focus on a variety of events, it was, therefore, imminent that a categorization of events naturally occurred. From among the events categorization that emerged, the following were noted: local, major, hallmark and mega events (Skoultos and Tsimitakis); and the typology of planned events as presented by Getz who differentiated cultural celebrations, political and state events, arts and entertainment, business and trade, educational and scientific, sport competition and recreational events, and finally, private events (Getz 404). At this point, the definition of events tourism has been clearly established as ââ¬Å"a systematic planning, development, and marketing of festivals and special events as tourist attractions, image-makers, catalysts for infrastructure and economic growth, and animators of built attractionâ⬠(Ghazali, Collins and Minnis qtd. in Skoultos and Tsimitakis 2). In different studies, it was clearly established that holding significant events generate marked impacts on the promoter of events, as well as in the location within which these events were organized and implemented. From a more traditional perspective, it was deduced that event tourism aims to spur economic growth and gain profound benefits in terms of money generated from the event (ââ¬Å"expenditure on travel, entertainment, shopping, and pre- and post-conference toursâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Labour Market Review of the Events Industryâ⬠29)). Getz, on the other
Wednesday, January 29, 2020
Drama Logbook Example Essay Example for Free
Drama Logbook Example Essay Today before drama class started I was really tired and really couldnt be bothered for class. I hope this didnt affect what happened in class, I dont think it had that much of an affect. Mr McPhee gave us a lot of talks today which provided us with less time to work in our groups. After Mr McPhee marked the roll he told us about the new school policy with mobile phones. Instead of only getting punished during school hours with a mobile phone, this policy now applies even if we are on the school campus. The next thing he talked about was a story about his flat mate long ago. His friend was Japanese and during the time where he was learning how to speak English, the teacher saw a spider and killed it. His friend was appalled and told him that spiders are mans best friend because it kills insects for us and also its harmless to humans. Spiders are entitled to as much life as we were. They are more scared of us then we are of them. When he finished telling us his story we finally were sent into our groups to work. Phillip and I just took a seat in front of Mr McPhees table to wait for the girls to get ready. They took a while to get started, but eventually they got there. He had to call her mum to get some money and Lisa and Amanda had to get changed into tights again for better working conditions. He turned on the air conditioning for us. Eventually they came and we got started. Lisa and Amanda got the blocks for us this lesson and put it on the floor. He told us that we should have done it, but we were tired. Lisa was really eager to just go through the whole thing first whereas the rest of the group wanted to talk about the start and how we could improve the start. Eventually we caved and decided to just go through what we had so far. We made our way through the work before He stopped our group and told us that we needed to make our starting thing more dynamic and powerful. He also stopped us at another poin t where he told us that the deliver of the words would be influenced by the character. We took his advice and built upon this. Phillip had to redo his line over again so many times, it was pretty funny. We also tried to work on the start but decided to work with it next lesson. Even though we knew what we were doing, we kept messing up and it took us a long time to get through what we had. We added some little details and refined what we had. It was more of a rehearsal then adding to it this lesson. Once we reached the end of what we had plan we all took a seat. The next thing we had to do was plan another persons segment. Phillip was suppose to be next but it was too hard so we decided to brainstorm Jeannettes. It was still too hard so we just brainstormed in general. In the end we managed to sketch in simple terms what the foundations of each of their performances would be. Jeannette would be along the lines of each of Jeannette thinks that each of us are a fairytale character but the truth is shes only seeing things and we are just ordinary people. Phillips one would be the one we decided before, Lisa didnt like this idea for a reason but I liked it. Lisas one would be about her not fitting in to society so she tries to copy people to fit in with the rest of society and makes friends but she fails. At the end of the lesson, Georges group volunteered to go do their work in progress today. They wanted feedback and advice on how to improve and some negative and positive feedback from Mr Mcphee. Even though they didnt have enough time to hear the feedback, they were able to perform most of their piece. From what I saw I noticed that their piece had a lot of exiting the stage which was bad. I liked the fact that they used their bodies to turn into machines and I liked the story of their idea ! Their story was basically a girl who is writing in her diary about the different dreams she wants to have and eventually she falls asleep and dreams about meeting all of them. Firstly she meets Harry Potter and then she runs into Alice from Wonderland and then its James Bond and lastly its Juliet. It was pretty well how they blended all the stories together. The bell rang and we were dismissed. The teacher said he would give them feedback next time.
Tuesday, January 21, 2020
The Story of Lot and His Daughters Essay examples -- Religion Theology
The Story of Lot and His Daughters As discussed in class, the Old Testament is a story of the constant struggle between the Lord and his authority, and humans and their rebellion. God brings down punishment upon Man, but saves a few righteous individuals. It is within the framework of this constant struggle that the rules of an evolving society are laid down and recorded. In the story of Lot and his daughters, we see the taboos of disobedience to the Lord, incest and poor hospitality condemned. The pericope begins in Genesis 19, when the Lord tells Abraham that he will destroy Sodom unless he can find ten righteous men in the city. The angels of the lord come to Sodom to find its righteous men, and Abrahamââ¬â¢s nephew, Lot, receives them. He treats them as honored guests, washing their feet and feeding them. A crowd of overly curious Sodomites harass Lot, demanding to see his guests. Lot protects his guests, even offering his two virgin daughters up in their stead. This can be read in two ways. One sees this as an act of pandering his daughters out. This calls into question Lotââ¬â¢s values. His good treatment of the angels, and Godââ¬â¢s subsequent protection of Lot, shows him to be righteous, so this must not be the case. I choose to go with the chain of thought that this is meant to be an example of the Sodomitesââ¬â¢ lack of interest in women. They ignore the offer and try to attack Lot and his household. Lotââ¬â¢s actions stress the importance of being a good host at a time when the only things that mattered were oneââ¬â¢s family or tribe name, and oneââ¬â¢s fair treatment of those one came in contact with. In Danteââ¬â¢s Inferno, in the Ninth Circle of Hell, traitors to guests are second only to traitors to benefactors as far ... ...ventually attempting to curse and rule over them. In Deuteronomy 2:8-21, we see that the Lord had the Israelites leave both tribes alone, showing a small amount of favor for Lot and his descendants. In fact, the Moabites resurface throughout the Old Testament, at times even subjugating the Israelites (Judges 3:12-29). It is possible that the Lord used the Moabites to teach the Israelites the importance of staying true to him, again echoing the constant struggle between the benefactor and his family. This rebellion and punishment simply repeat the cycle of the power struggle between God and Mankind that the Old Testament is based on. It is a book of lessons for living a life in a time when societies were still learning how to function. Through the story of Lot, three rules of society are re-stressed. They are to obey authority, be hospitable, and avoid incest.
Sunday, January 12, 2020
How an Outside Influence Acts as a Powerful Force
Within ââ¬ËOthelloââ¬â¢ Iago appears cunning, the confidence he has allows him to act as an outside force manipulating the relationship between Othello and Desdemona. The interpretations of the outside influence are questionable throughout the three texts. The issue in ââ¬ËThe Great Gatsbyââ¬â¢ of whether Jay Gatsby corrupts Daisy and Tom Buchananââ¬â¢s marriage because he loves her or whether she is a material desire; and whether Jedââ¬â¢s mental state or Joeââ¬â¢s rationality in ââ¬ËEnduring Loveââ¬â¢ is to blame for the corruption between the contemporary couple, Joe and Clarissa. Iagoââ¬â¢s ability to observe allows him to gain control of Othello and seek revenge.Whether this is for the goodness of his community or due to jealousy is unknown. However, through language, form and structure it is clear that a gradual decay in both love and morals takes place. Iagoââ¬â¢s performance creates the impression that he is a heartless character as no true fr iendship, love or morals are shown. ââ¬Å"I am not what I amâ⬠, he is a devious onlooker who aims to destruct happiness, yet the reason for this remains uncertain. Iago can be classified as an outside force due to his dishonesty and cruel intentions, which often only the audience is aware of due to his mysterious actions. Beware my lord of jealousy; it is the green-eyed monsterâ⬠. The audience is positioned to understand that William Shakespeare is presenting irony as Iago is warning others of jealousy, when perhaps he is tied down by his own. Utilising personification also foreshadows the cruel intention Iago has to damage the contentment in Othelloââ¬â¢s life. A clever choice of words allows Iago to deliver the impression that he is a loyal and honest man. Throughout the play he sets the stage to ensure Othello and Desdemonaââ¬â¢s relationship becomes corrupt, denying himself of any responsibility.This contrasts to Jed Parry in ââ¬ËEnduring Loveââ¬â¢. Lead b y his belief in God, a strong emotional attachment is made with Joe, one which Jed is persistently honest about. With the belief that God ââ¬Å"has sent me to youâ⬠Jed ignores Joeââ¬â¢s resistance and does not seek revenge, instead rejection brings him closer to Joe. This categorises Jed as a contemporary villain, as he goes against traditional values of a villain. Perhaps, due to Iago conforming to the conventional idea of a Shakespearian villain, the reader may classify him as a more effective outside.He places himself outside of situations; he observes, manipulates and watches Othello crumble. Whereas Enduring Love presents a contemporary villain who moves beyond traditional expectations of causing unhappiness; bitterness is replaced with calm tones, ââ¬Å"Love has given me new eyes, I see with such clarity, in such detailâ⬠. Jedââ¬â¢s bizarre approach arguably challenges the reader more than Iagoââ¬â¢s evasive behaviour. Written in 1603, ââ¬ËOthelloâ⬠⢠touched upon a major issue in Europe of this time period; the intermingling of Muslim religion and culture with the West.Ironically, Othello is sent to protect the Venetians from the influence of Muslim Turks even though he is ââ¬Ëthe Moorââ¬â¢. Iago uses the issue of Othelloââ¬â¢s race to present him as a misfit; ââ¬Å"Awake the snorting citizens with the bell, or else the devil will make a grandsire of youâ⬠. Shakespeare plays on 16th century beliefs through the symbolism of the ââ¬Å"devilâ⬠. It was thought that often the devil took the shape and form of a black man. Insensitive words corrupt Othelloââ¬â¢s reputation of ââ¬Å"valiantâ⬠. Othello has determination, loyalty and commitment towards his ââ¬Å"gentle Desdemonaâ⬠.This causes him to resist 16th century attitudes tawards race. ââ¬Å"Let him do his spiteâ⬠¦I love thee gentle Desdemonaâ⬠. Repelling obstacles is key to achieving an idyllic relationship. Jay Gatsby is similar t o Othello, not in race, but due to issues of social class. Jay Gatsby represents the ââ¬Ënewââ¬â¢ rich from West Egg, he lacks social connections so he flaunts his wealth. This is an issue F. Scott Fitzgerald mocks throughout, as this novel presents a social commentary upon the corrupt state of materialism in the 1920ââ¬â¢s.Fitzgerald uses many references to time throughout the novel. Fitzgerald delivers the message that everything in this lifestyle is temporaryââ¬â emotions, actions, parties, or feelings, because they are all fuelled through material objects. | Nick Carraway, the narrator describes Jay Gatsby as, ââ¬Å"running down like an over-wound clockâ⬠. The simile signifies both Gatsbyââ¬â¢s consuming desire to stop time and his inability to do so. This may be the reason why he is selfish in pursuing Daisy as he has no respect for Tom, who lives in East Egg, a place for the established upper class.
Saturday, January 4, 2020
Essay on History and Philosophy of Science - 1695 Words
History and Philosophy of Science The world of science, as we know it today, is a difficult subject to grasp. So many new ideas are present and these new ideas are not interchangeable. Some parts do work together although as a whole they donââ¬â¢t fully coincide with each other. The three basic ideas that science is now based upon come from Newton, Einstein, and Hawking. I call these ideas/theories ââ¬Å"newâ⬠based on what I classify the state of the scientific community of today. After looking at what is going on in science, it is clear to me that the scientific world is in a crisis state. According to Kuhn, a crisis state is when science is in the middle of choosing a particular paradigm to work under. For scientists, there is a general themeâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Newton had given the world what we now know as physics. For the past three hundred years Newtonian Mechanics have been taught to every student aspiring to elevate their minds. Newtonian Mechanics were the end all to the questions that ha d plagued thinkers since the beginning of time. The key difference is that Newton was never exposed to the world of science that technology had made prevalent to the likes of an Einstein or Hawking, or even my colleague studying neuro surgery at Johnââ¬â¢s Hopkins University. When Newton was sitting under his apple tree conjuring up ideas for how and why he did not fly off into space or why the harder you hit something the farther it goes, technology was moving along at the rate of most peopleââ¬â¢s grandmothers in their walkers. The scientists that had surrounded Newton knew only of what they could see. Their were no people looking to the far ends of the galaxies and their were no people looking in to the unseen cells that make up everything that we can see. Basically, Newton did not have a reason to explain what he was not aware of. He did have quite good reason, however, to explain why he got a bump on his head from that ripe apple that no longer needed the shelter of the t ree. According to Shlain, Newton set the world he knew to mechanics and set the parameters for the new and final, well what was thought to be the final paradigm of the world. Then in 1905,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Philosophy vs. Science1181 Words à |à 5 Pageswe know today as science and philosophy. Many intellectuals answer the siren call of one or the other, and with reason, as these different patrons of truth vary from and bear semblance to each other in manifold ways that may appeal to certain people. Of these ways, philosophy and science differ in their history, intrinsic nature, and method. To begin with, the history of philosophy and science are their most similar aspects, both having emerged in the same manner. 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